How to Support a Child with a Learning Disability in a Classroom

Supporting children with learning disabilities in a classroom in Nigeria can be a daunting task, given some challenges such as overcrowded classrooms, limited resources, and a rigid curriculum. Yet, the role of teachers and educators in providing help and encouragement is crucial to ensuring these children don’t fall behind or feel isolated.

This brief write up will guide teachers and school staff on how to recognize learning disabilities and implement practical strategies to support affected children effectively, within the realities of the Nigerian education system.

Understanding Classroom Challenges in Nigeria

In Nigeria, a significant number of public schools may have large class sizes, sometimes accommodating up to or sometimes more than 40 students in one classroom. Teachers may have limited teaching materials, little training on special education needs, and pressure to complete the syllabus quickly. These conditions make it easy for children with learning disabilities to be overlooked or misunderstood.

When a child struggles academically or behaviorally, they may be seen as uncooperative, lazy, disobedient, or lacking effort, rather than exploring the possibility that the student might be faced with a learning difficulty. This misconception can hurt the child’s confidence, motivation and learning abilities altogether.

What Are Learning Disabilities?

Learning disabilities are neurological disorders that affect how children process information. They are not related to intelligence or willingness to learn but impact skills like reading, writing, math, attention, and organization.

Common types include:

Dyslexia: difficulty with reading and spelling
Dyscalculia: trouble understanding numbers and math concepts
Dysgraphia: problems with handwriting and written expression
ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder): challenges with attention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity

Recognizing these in the classroom can help teachers adapt their methods to meet each child’s needs.

Recognizing Learning Disabilities in the Classroom

Teachers should watch for consistent signs such as:

Difficulty following instructions or remembering tasks
Poor reading fluency or avoidance of reading activities
Slow or illegible handwriting
Frequent errors in basic math calculations
Difficulty staying focused, sitting still, or completing tasks
Low confidence and frustration with schoolwork

These behaviors can be subtle or mistaken for misbehavior, but if they persist, they may signal a need for support.

Practical Strategies for Supporting Children with Learning Disabilities

Simplify and Repeat Instructions

Break down lessons and instructions into small, manageable steps. Use simple, clear language and repeat key points. Writing instructions on the board help children refer back as needed.

Use Multi-Sensory Teaching Methods

Engage different senses by combining visual aids, hands-on activities, and oral explanations. For example, use pictures, charts, physical objects, and storytelling to reinforce learning.

Allow Extra Time for Tasks

Allow children with learning disabilities more time to complete assignments and tests. Rushing can cause anxiety and lead to mistakes.

Create a Supportive and Encouraging Classroom Environment

Encourage positive reinforcement and celebrate effort, not just results. Use group work or buddy systems to foster peer support and reduce feelings of isolation.

Modify Assessments and Assignments

Allow alternatives such as oral exams, presentations, or projects if writing is difficult. Adapt tasks to the child’s strengths while still covering learning goals.

Provide Breaks When Needed

Children with attention challenges may benefit from short breaks to help them reset and stay focused.

Maintain Consistent Routines

Predictability helps reduce anxiety and improve concentration. Establish clear daily routines and gently remind students of transitions.

Use Cost effective Teaching Aids

Where resources are scarce, use simple tools like flashcards, drawings, recycled materials, or homemade charts to make lessons engaging and accessible.

Working with Parents and Specialists

Effective support requires partnership between teachers and parents. Regular communication about the child’s progress and challenges helps align home and school support.

Parents should be encouraged to seek professional assessments if they suspect a learning disability. In Nigeria, organizations like The Dyslexia Foundation Nigeria, Patrick Speech and Language Centre, and Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Federal Neurological Centre offer resources and diagnostic services.

Schools should also try to collaborate with specialists and NGOs that can provide training and materials for staff.

Addressing Barriers in Schools in Nigeria

Overcrowding and Limited Resources: Large classes make individual attention tough, but teachers can use group work, peer tutoring, and teacher aides or older students to help manage support.

Cultural Misunderstandings and Stigma: In some Nigerian communities, learning difficulties are misunderstood or seen as spiritual issues. Teachers can help by raising awareness and promoting respect and empathy among students and staff.

Lack of Training: Some teachers in Nigeria have little or no training on learning disabilities. Schools and education authorities need to prioritize professional development in inclusive education.

Why Supporting Learning Disabilities Matters

Children with learning disabilities often face emotional challenges including low self-esteem, anxiety, and frustration. When unsupported, they may withdraw from school or develop behavioral problems.

Providing help and understanding in the classroom builds confidence, improves academic outcomes, and encourages lifelong learning skills. It also helps reduce dropout rates and supports Nigeria’s goal of inclusive quality education for all children.

Thoughts: Every Teacher Can Make a Difference

Despite challenges, Nigerian teachers have the power to contribute to transforming the educational experience for children with learning disabilities through awareness, patience, and practical strategies. Small adjustments in teaching style, classroom management, and communication can open doors for these learners.

By embracing inclusive practices, Nigerian schools can foster environments where every child feels valued and capable of success.