Learning disabilities are misunderstood all over the world including Nigeria. Some children who struggle in school are labeled as lazy, stubborn, or unintelligent. But the reality is that some children may face neurological challenges that affect how they learn and process information. As a parent or teacher, being able to identify the early signs of learning disabilities can make a huge difference in supporting the child’s academic growth and self-esteem and holistic wellbeing.

In this brief write up, we will discuss what learning disabilities are, common signs children in Nigeria might show, and practical steps parents and teachers can take.

What Are Learning Disabilities?

Learning disabilities (LDs) are neurological conditions that affect how the brain processes information. They are not linked to a child’s intelligence or the quality of their teaching. Instead, these disabilities make it harder for children to read, write, do math, pay attention, or organize their thoughts.

Common types of learning disabilities seen in Nigeria include, amongst others:

• Dyslexia: Difficulty with reading and understanding written words.
• Dyscalculia: Challenges with understanding numbers and math concepts.
• Dysgraphia: Trouble with handwriting, spelling, and organizing written work.
• ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder): Problems with focus, motion, and impulse control.

In Nigeria’s education system, where large classrooms and strict curriculums are common, abound, children with learning disabilities are at risk of being misunderstood and left behind. Due to stigma, limited awareness, and lack of specialists in A significant number of Nigerian communities, these disabilities sometimes go undiagnosed.

Why Early Identification Is Important

The earlier a learning disability is identified in a child, the better the chances of helping the child succeed academically and holistically. Early intervention can provide tailored support, build confidence, reduce frustration and low self-esteem.

Early Signs to pay attention to in children

It’s important to note that all children develop at their own pace, but persistent difficulties in certain areas may signal a learning disability.

In Preschool and Early Primary School (Ages 3 to 7)

• Difficulty learning the alphabet or numbers.
• Trouble remembering common words or object names.
• Struggling to follow simple instructions.
• Delayed speech or difficulty expressing ideas clearly.

In Primary School (Ages 7 to 11)

• Persistent trouble reading or spelling.
• Poor handwriting or difficulty organizing written work.
• Frequent mistakes in basic math.
• Difficulty understanding concepts of time or sequence.
• Easily distracted or unable to sit still during lessons.

These signs can be misinterpreted as laziness or lack of discipline in some schools in Nigeria where academic pressure can be heightened.

How school culture can fail to identify Learning Disabilities

A significant number of schools in Nigeria, in particular public schools have large class sizes and limited resources. Thus, teachers are may not enabled or able to give individual attention to students who need extra help. As a result, children with learning disabilities might be labeled as “slow” or “unserious.”

Additionally, cultural and religious beliefs emphasize or exaggerate labelling children who fall outside typical milestones, struggle with learning and may need extra help as experiencing spiritual problems or punishments, causing delays in seeking professional help.

What Parents and Teachers Can Do If They Suspect a Learning Disability

If you notice the signs mentioned above, here are practical steps to take:

1. Talk to Your Child’s Teacher

Ask if they have observed similar difficulties. Teachers’ insights are valuable since they see how the child performs among peers.

2. Seek a Professional Assessment

In Nigeria, organizations such as The Dyslexia Foundation, Patrick Speech and Languages Centre, and some medical institutions offer diagnosis and support. While access may be limited in some areas, it’s worth pursuing to get a clear understanding of the child’s needs.

3. Be Patient and Supportive

Children with learning disabilities need encouragement, not punishment. Creating a positive home environment where effort is celebrated helps boost their confidence.

4. Work with the School

Request accommodations such as extra time on tests, oral exams, or personalized learning plans. Some schools in Nigeria are beginning to recognize the importance of support.

How to Support Your Child at Home

• Use educational tools like phonics apps, flashcards, and audio books.
• Break learning tasks into smaller, manageable steps.
• Maintain consistent routines and reward effort rather than just results.
• Encourage hobbies and talents outside academics to build self-esteem.

   

Final Thoughts: Early Action Makes a Big Difference

In Nigeria, awareness of learning disabilities is growing but still limited. By learning to recognize early signs, parents and teachers can become advocates for children who might otherwise struggle silently. Don’t wait for the problem to worsen—act, early, seek help, and support your child with patience and love.

Your involvement can open the door to a brighter, more confident future for your child.