A significant portion Parents in Nigeria worry when their child struggles with mathematics. The common reaction is to think the child is lazy, not trying hard enough, or simply “bad at maths.” However, an important reason behind persistent difficulties with numbers and math concepts could be dyscalculia — a learning disability affecting a child’s ability to understand and work with numbers.

In this brief write up, we explain dyscalculia in simple terms, how to recognize the signs in children, and what parents and teachers can do to support kids struggling with math.

What Is Dyscalculia?

Dyscalculia is sometimes called “math dyslexia.” It’s a specific learning disability that makes it hard for children to grasp basic number concepts, count, do calculations, or understand math symbols and patterns.

This difficulty is not due to low intelligence or lack of effort, but rather how the brain processes numerical information.

Why Dyscalculia Matters in the Nigerian Education Context

Mathematics is a critical subject in schools in Nigeria and exams like WAEC and JAMB. Struggling with math can impact a child’s academic success, confidence, and future opportunities.

Unfortunately, some parents and teachers in Nigeria may be unaware of dyscalculia. Without proper understanding or diagnosis, children with this condition are can be unfairly labeled as careless or unintelligent.

Common Signs of Dyscalculia in Children

Recognizing dyscalculia early can help children get the support they need. Here are some typical signs parents and teachers in Nigeria might notice:

• Difficulty understanding simple number concepts such as “more than” or “less than”

• Struggles to count accurately or understand the value of numbers

• Problems memorizing multiplication tables or basic math facts

• Trouble with math-related tasks like telling time, handling money, or measuring ingredients

• Confusion with math symbols (+, –, ×, ÷) or number sequences

• Difficulty following steps in math problems or solving word problems

• Anxiety or frustration when asked to do math, sometimes leading to avoidance

• Slow speed in completing math tasks compared to peers

These signs can appear early in primary school but may be mistaken for laziness or lack of interest.

How Dyscalculia Differs from General Math Difficulties

It’s important to note that not all children who find math hard have dyscalculia. Some may struggle because of poor teaching methods, language barriers, or lack of practice.

Dyscalculia is a neurodevelopmental condition, meaning the brain’s wiring affects numerical processing. Children with dyscalculia usually have specific and persistent difficulties despite good teaching and effort.

What Causes Dyscalculia?

The exact cause of dyscalculia is not fully understood, but research suggests it involves differences in brain areas responsible for number processing and working memory.

It can run in families, so a parent or sibling with similar struggles may indicate a genetic link.

How to Support a Child with Dyscalculia in Nigeria

If you suspect your child has dyscalculia, taking early action is crucial. Here’s what parents and teachers can do within the Nigerian context:

1. Get a Professional Assessment

Visit educational psychologists or specialists who can evaluate your child’s math skills and diagnose dyscalculia. This step is can be challenging in Nigeria due to limited resources, but some private centers and NGOs offer assessments.

2. Use Multi-Sensory and Practical Learning Methods

Children with dyscalculia benefit from hands-on activities like using physical objects (beans, sticks, coins) to represent numbers. Visual aids, diagrams, and interactive games can help make abstract concepts concrete.

3. Break Down Math Tasks into Small Steps

Simplify instructions and break math problems into manageable parts. Allow children to move at their own pace without pressure.

4. Reinforce Math Concepts Through Real-Life Examples

Relate math to everyday situations—measuring ingredients while cooking, counting money at the market, or telling time using local schedules.

5. Encourage a Positive Attitude Toward Math

Avoid blaming or criticizing the child for difficulties. Celebrate small successes and build confidence gradually.

6. Collaborate with Teachers and Schools

Inform your child’s teachers about dyscalculia so they can adapt teaching methods and provide extra help.

7. Explore Tutoring and Support Groups

Some Nigerian communities and NGOs now offer tutoring or workshops tailored for children with learning challenges. Peer support can also help children feel less isolated.

Common Myths About Dyscalculia in Nigeria

Myth 1: “Math Struggles Mean the Child Is Lazy or Not Smart”

Dyscalculia is unrelated to intelligence or effort. Many children with dyscalculia are bright and creative but need different approaches to learning math.

Myth 2: “Dyscalculia Can Be Cured Quickly”

There is no quick fix. With patience, tailored teaching, and practice, children can improve their skills and manage challenges.

Myth 3: “Only Boys Have Learning Disabilities Like Dyscalculia”

Both boys and girls can have dyscalculia. It’s a misconception that boys are more affected.

The Importance of Raising Awareness About Dyscalculia in Nigeria

Awareness about dyscalculia is growing globally but remains low in Nigeria. Parents, teachers, and policymakers need more information to identify and support children early.

Schools that provide inclusive education and teacher training on learning disabilities will help reduce stigma and improve outcomes.

Final Thoughts: Helping the child thrive in Math

If your child is “bad at maths,” it’s important to look deeper than frustration or laziness. Dyscalculia is a real learning challenge that requires understanding, patience, and the right support.

With early diagnosis, practical teaching methods, and emotional encouragement, children with dyscalculia can succeed in school and beyond.

As a parent or teacher in Nigeria, you can make a positive difference by learning about dyscalculia and advocating for your child’s needs.